Month: July 2007

  • Lottery Phenomenology:

    Burning Bright

    Yesterday in
    the Keystone State:

    PA Lottery July 17, 2007: Mid-day 853, Evening 856

    This suggests-- via a search on "853-856" + "universals"-- that we consult pages 853-856 in The Library of America's William James: Writings 1902-1910.

    Beginning on page 853 in this book, and ending on page 856, is an excerpt from a James address that the editor has titled...

    The Tigers in India

    "There are two ways of knowing things, knowing them immediately or
    intuitively, and knowing them conceptually or representatively. 
    Altho such things as the white paper before our eyes can be known
    intuitively, most of the things we know, the tigers now in India, for
    example, or the scholastic system of philosophy, are known only
    representatively or symbolically.

    Suppose, to fix our ideas, that we take first a case of conceptual
    knowledge, and let it be our knowledge of the tigers in India, as we
    sit here.  Exactly what do we mean by saying that we here know the tigers? ....

    Most men would answer that what we mean by knowing the tigers is having
    them, however absent in body, become in some way present to our
    thought.... At the very least, people would say that what we mean by
    knowing the tigers is mentally pointing towards them as we sit here....

    ... The pointing of our thought to the tigers is known simply and
    solely as a procession of mental associates and motor consequences that
    follow on the thought, and that would lead harmoniously, if followed
    out, into some ideal or real context, or even into the immediate
    presence, of the tigers....

    ... In all this there is no self-transcendency in our mental images taken by themselves.
    They are one phenomenal fact; the tigers are another; and their
    pointing to the tigers is a perfectly commonplace intra-experiential
    relation, if you once grant a connecting world to be there
    In short, the ideas and the tigers are in themselves as loose and
    separate, to use Hume's language, as any two things can be, and
    pointing means here an operation as external and adventitious as any
    that nature yields.

    I hope you may agree with me now that in representative knowledge there
    is no special inner mystery, but only an outer chain of physical or
    mental intermediaries connecting thought and thing. To know an object is here to lead to it through a context which the world supplies....

    Let us next pass on to the case of immediate or intuitive acquaintance
    with an object, and let the object be the white paper before our
    eyes.... What now do we mean by 'knowing' such a sort of object as
    this?  For this is also the way in which we should know the tiger
    if our conceptual idea of him were to terminate by having led us to his
    lair?

    ... the paper seen and the seeing of it are only two names for one indivisible fact which, properly named, is the datum, the phenomenon, or the experience.
    The paper is in the mind and the mind is around the paper, because
    paper and mind are only two names that are given later to the one
    experience, when, taken in a larger world of which it forms a part, its
    connections are traced in different directions.1"

    James, Writings 1902-1910, page 856

    The same volume also contains
    James's The Varieties of
    Religious Experience.

    "The Tigers in India" is
    only a part of a 20-page
    James address originally titled
    "The Knowing of Things Together"
    (my emphasis).

  • Latin Mass:

    Habeas Corpus
     
    The Hex Witch of Seldom,
    by Nancy Springer:

    Hex Witch of Seldom - Excerpt on squares of breadT

    Log24 on 9/11, 2003:

    Here is a rhetorical exercise
    for Jesuits that James Joyce
    might appreciate:

    Discuss Bobbi's "little squares"
    of bread as the Body of
    Christ.
    Formulate, using Santayana's
    criteria, a definition of beauty
    that includes this sacrament.

  • Short Story:

    Confirmation

    "They took all the trees,
    put 'em in a tree museum
    and they charged the people
    a dollar and a half just to see 'em"

    -- Joni Mitchell

    From an article (full version contains spoiler) on Bridge to Terabithia:

    "In the book, a girl named Leslie Burke moves in next door to a
    chore-ridden farm boy, Jess Aarons, and imagines for him a kingdom she
    names Terabithia. Over a fall and winter, they ride the bus home from
    school together (sharing a seat in spite of catcalls from schoolmates),
    dump their backpacks at the edge of the road, and run across an empty
    field to the edge of a creek bed, where 'someone long forgotten had
    hung a rope.' They use the rope to swing across the gully into
    Terabithia, a wooded glade that Leslie makes magic...."

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix07/070716-MagicTime.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    Art by Wendell Minor from the cover
    of Magic Time, by Doug Marlette

    From Bridge to Terabithia:

    "I know"-- she was getting excited-- "it could be a magic
    country like Narnia, and the only way you can get in is by swinging
    across on this enchanted rope." Her eyes were bright. She
    grabbed the rope. "Come on," she said.

    LOS ANGELES - Roger Cardinal Mahony, leader of the Los Angeles Catholic
    Archdiocese, the nation's largest, apologized yesterday for what he
    called a "terrible sin and crime" as the church confirmed it would pay
    a record $660 million to people sexually abused by priests.

    Log24 7/11,
    "Magic Time"
    --

    Mary Karr,
    "Facing Altars:
      Poetry and Prayer"--

    "There is a body
    on the cross  
     in my church."

    "Don't it always seem to go
    that you don't know
    what you've got
    till it's gone"

    -- Joni Mitchell

  • In other Catholic news...

    $660-million settlement
    in priest abuses

    "The Archdiocese of Los Angeles agreed Saturday to a $660-million
    settlement with 508 people who have accused priests of sexual abuse, by
    far the biggest payout in the child molestation scandal that has rocked
    the Roman Catholic Church nationwide....

    The agreement will end all of the pending abuse litigation against the most populous archdiocese in the U.S....

    Although the settlement will effectively end a chapter in the sad saga
    of clerical abuse that has spanned decades, the resolution will come at
    a huge cost to the church. More than $114 million has been promised in
    previous settlements, bringing the total liability for clergy
    misconduct in the Los Angeles Archdiocese to more than $774 million.
    The figure dwarfs the next largest settlements in the U.S., including
    those reached in Boston, at $157 million, and in Portland, Ore., at
    $129 million."

    -- Los Angeles Times, July 15, 2007

  • Against Reductionism:

    A Note from the
    Catholic University
    of America


    The August 2007 issue of Notices of the American Mathematical Society
    contains tributes to the admirable personal qualities and mathematical
    work of the late Harvard professor George Mackey.  For my own
    tributes, see Log24 on March 17, 2006April 29, 2006, and March 10, 2007.  For an entry critical of Mackey's reductionism-- a philosophical, not mathematical, error-- see Log24 on May 23, 2007 ("Devil in the Details").

    Here is another attack on reductionism, from a discussion of the work
    of another first-rate mathematician, the late Gian-Carlo Rota of MIT:

    "Another theme developed by Rota is that of 'Fundierung.' He shows that
    throughout our experience we encounter things that exist only as
    founded upon other things: a checkmate is founded upon moving certain
    pieces of chess, which in turn are founded upon certain pieces of wood
    or plastic. An insult is founded upon certain words being spoken, an
    act of generosity is founded upon something's being handed over. In
    perception, for example, the evidence that occurs to us goes beyond the
    physical impact on our sensory organs even though it is founded upon
    it; what we see is far more than meets the eye. Rota gives striking
    examples to bring out this relationship of founding, which he takes as
    a logical relationship, containing all the force of logical necessity.
    His point is strongly antireductionist. Reductionism is the inclination
    to see as 'real' only the foundation, the substrate of things (the
    piece of wood in chess, the physical exchange in a social phenomenon,
    and especially the brain as founding the mind) and to deny the true
    existence of that which is founded. Rota's arguments against
    reductionism, along with his colorful examples, are a marvelous
    philosophical therapy for the debilitating illness of reductionism that
    so pervades our culture and our educational systems, leading us to deny
    things we all know to be true, such as the reality of choice, of
    intelligence, of emotive insight, and spiritual understanding. He shows
    that ontological reductionism and the prejudice for axiomatic systems
    are both escapes from reality, attempts to substitute something
    automatic, manageable, and packaged, something coercive, in place of
    the human situation, which we all acknowledge by the way we live, even
    as we deny it in our theories."

    -- Robert Sokolowski, foreword to Rota's Indiscrete Thoughts

    Father Robert Sokolowski

    Father Robert Sokolowski

    Fr.
    Robert Sokolowski, Ph.D., is Professor of Philosophy at The
    Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. Ordained
    a Roman Catholic priest in 1962, he is internationally recognized
    and honored for his work in philosophy, particularly phenomenology.
    In 1994, Catholic University sponsored a conference on his
    work and published several papers and other essays under the
    title, The Truthful and the Good, Essays In Honor of Robert
    Sokolowski
    .

    -- Thomas Aquinas College newsletter

    The tributes to Mackey are contained in the first of two feature articles in the August 2007 AMS Notices
    The second feature article is a review of a new book by Douglas
    Hofstadter.  For some remarks related to that article, see
    Thursday's Log24 entry "Not Mathematics but Theology."

  • Object Lesson, continued:

    Today's birthday:

    Harrison Ford is 65.

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix07/070713-Ford2.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    "Three times the concentred
         self takes hold, three times
    The thrice concentred self,
         having possessed
    The object, grips it
         in savage scrutiny,
    Once to make captive,
         once to subjugate
    Or yield to subjugation,
         once to proclaim
    The meaning of the capture,
         this hard prize,
    Fully made, fully apparent,
         fully found."

    -- "Credences of Summer," VII,
        by Wallace Stevens, from
        Transport to Summer (1947)

    "It was Plato who best expressed-- who veritably
    embodied-- the tension between the narrative arts and mathematics....



    Plato clearly loved them both, both mathematics and poetry.  But he
    approved of mathematics, and heartily, if conflictedly, disapproved of
    poetry.  Engraved above the entrance to his Academy, the first European
    university, was the admonition: Oudeis ageometretos eiseto.  Let none
    ignorant of geometry enter.  This is an expression of high approval
    indeed, and the symbolism could not have been more perfect, since
    mathematics was, for Plato, the very gateway for all future knowledge. 
    Mathematics ushers one into the realm of abstraction and universality,
    grasped only through pure reason.  Mathematics is the threshold we cross
    to pass into the ideal, the truly real."

       -- Rebecca Goldstein, Mathematics and the Character of Tragedy

    Related material:

    Previous entry,
    entries of July 1, 2007,
    and A Little Story
    (9/30/06)

  • Not Mathematics but Theology:

    On Interpenetration,
    or Coinherence, of Souls

    The August 2007 issue of Notices of the American Mathematical Society contains a review of a new book by Douglas Hofstadter, I Am a Strange Loop. (2007, Basic Books, New York. $26.95, 412 pages.)

    A better review, in the Los Angeles Times of March 18, 2007, notes an important phrase in the book, "interpenetration of souls," that the AMS Notices review ignores.

    Here is an Amazon.com search on "interpenetration" in the Hofstadter book:

    1. on Page 217:
    "... described does not create a profound blurring of two people's identities. Tennis and driving do not give rise to deep interpenetrations of souls. ..."
    2. on Page 237:
    "... What seems crucial here is the depth of interpenetration of souls the sense of shared goals, which leads to shared identity. Thus, for instance, Carol always had a deep, ..."
    3. on Page 270:
    "... including the most private feelings and the most confidential confessions, then the interpenetration of our worlds becomes so great that our worldviews start to fuse. Just as I could jump to California when ..."
    4. on Page 274:
    "... we choose to downplay or totally ignore the implications of the everyday manifestations of the interpenetration of souls. Consider how profoundly wrapped up you can become in a close friend's successes and failures, in their very ..."
    5. on Page 276:
    "... Interpenetration of National Souls Earlier in this chapter, I briefly offered the image of a self as analogous to a country ..."
    6. from Index:
    "...
    birthday party for, 350 "bachelor", elusiveness of concept, 178
    bad-breath analogy, 150 bandwidth of communication as determinant of
    degree of interpenetration, 212 213, 220, ..."
    7. from Index:
    "... phrases denying interpenetration
    of souls, 270 271; physical phenomena that lack consciousness, 281 282;
    physical structures lacking hereness, 283; potential personal
    attributes, 183; ..."

    The American
    Mathematical Society editors and reviewer seem to share Hofstadter's
    ignorance of Christian doctrine; they might otherwise have remembered a
    rather famous remark: "This is not mathematics, it is theology."
     
    For more on the theology of interpenetration, see Log24 on "Perichoresis, or Coinherence" (Jan. 22, 2004).

    For a more mathematical approach to this topic, see Spirituality Today, Spring 1991:

    "...
    the most helpful image is perhaps the ellipse often used to surround
    divine figures in ancient art, a geometrical figure resulting from the
    overlapping, greater or lesser, of two independent circles, an interpenetration or coinherence which will, in some sense, reunify divided humanity, thus restoring to some imperfect degree the original image of God."

    See also the trinitarian doctrine implicit in related Log24 entries of July 1, 2007, which include the following illustration of the geometrical figure described, in a somewhat confused manner, above:

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix07/070701-Ratio.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    "Values are rooted
    in narrative."

    -- Harvey Cox,    
    Hollis Professor
    of Divinity
    at Harvard,
    Atlantic Monthly,
      November 1995  

    Related material:

    Steps Toward Salvation:
    An Examination of
    Co-Inherence and
    Substitution in
    the Seven Novels
    of Charles Williams
    ,
    by Dennis L. Weeks

  • Texas Cheer:

    "Heaven was
    kind of a hat

    on the universe,
    a lid that kept
    everything underneath it
    where it belonged."

     — Carrie Fisher,
    Postcards from the Edge

    Texas Lottery logo: cowboy hat in air

    Texas Lottery on 7/11, 2007: Mid-day 511, Evening 234

    5/11:

    "Going Up."

    -- "Love at the  
     Five and Dime
    ,"
    by
    Nanci Griffith

    234:

    "One two three four,
    who are we for?"

  • Magic Time: Quarter to Three...

    ... And One More  
     for the Road

    In memory of Doug Marlette,
    cartoonist and author
    of Magic Time.

    Marlette died in a highway
    accident yesterday at about
    10 AM CT.  He was
    "on his way to Oxford
    [Mississippi]... to help a
    troupe of high school students
    put on a play based on
    his nationally
    syndicated
    comic strip, Kudzu."

    -- Chris Joyner,
    Clarion-Ledger,
    Jackson, Mississippi


      Log24 yesterday,
    7:59 AM ET:

    Mary Karr,
    "Facing Altars:
        Poetry and Prayer"--

    "There is a body
    on the cross  
     in my church."

    Church, by Doug Marlette

    Kudzu, by Doug Marlette

    "I started kneeling to pray morning and night-- spitefully at first, in a
    bitter pout. The truth is, I still fancied the idea that glugging down
    Jack Daniels would stay my turmoil, but doing so had resulted in my car
    hurtling into stuff." --Mary Karr

  • Nine is a Vine...

    Fewer frames
    for Mary Karr

    3x3 grid

    Mary Karr was "an unfashionably bookish kid whose brain wattage was sapped by a
    consuming inner life others didn't seem to bear the burden of. I just
    seemed to have more frames per second than other kids."