Month: May 2005

  • Geometry and Theology

    See

    the science fiction writer mentioned in a Friday entry.

    Mark Olson's article is at the website of the New England Science Fiction Association, publisher of Ingathering: The Complete People Stories of Zenna Henderson.  This book, by one of my favorite science-fiction authors, was apparently edited by the same Mark Olson.

    The following remarks seem relevant to the recurring telepathy theme in Henderson:

    From the first article cited above,

    David L. Neuhouser,

    Higher Dimensions in the Writings of C. S. Lewis (pdf):

    "If we are three-dimensional cross-sections of four-dimensional
    reality, perhaps we are parts of the same body. In fact, we know we are
    parts of the same body in some way, this four-dimensional idea just may
    help us to see it more clearly. Remember the preceding comments are
    mine, not Lewis's. He puts it this way, 'That we can die "in" Adam and
    live "in" Christ seems to me to imply that man as he really is differs
    a good deal from man as our categories of thought and our
    three-dimensional imaginations represent him; that the separateness...
    which we discern between individuals, is balanced, in absolute reality,
    by some kind of inter-inanimation of which we have no
    conception at all. It may be that the acts and sufferings of great
    archetypal individuals such as Adam and Christ are ours, not by legal
    fiction, metaphor, or causality, but in some much deeper fashion. There
    is no question, of course, of individuals melting down into a kind of
    spiritual continuum such as Pantheistic systems believe in; that is
    excluded by the whole tenor of our faith.'"

    From Webster's Unabridged, 1913 edition:


    inanimate
    , v. t.

    [Pref. in-

    in (or intensively) + animate.]

     To animate.

    [Obs.] -- Donne.

    inanimation, n.

    Infusion of life or vigor;
    animation;

    inspiration. [Obs.]

    The inanimation of Christ

    living and breathing

    within us.

    -- Bp. Hall.

    Related words...

    Also from the 1913 Webster's:

    circumincession, n.

    [Pref. circum- + L. incedere, incessum, to walk.]
    (Theol.) The reciprocal existence in each other
    of the three persons of the Trinity.

    From an online essay:

    perichoresis
    , n.

    "The term means mutual indwelling or, better, mutual
    interpenetration and refers to the understanding of both the Trinity
    and Christology. In the divine perichoresis, each person has 'being in
    each other without coalescence' (John of Damascus ca. 650). The roots
    of this doctrine are long and deep."

    --  Bert Waggoner

    coinherence, n.

    "In our human experience of personhood, at any rate in a fallen world, there is
    in each person an inevitable element of exclusiveness, of opaqueness and
    impenetrability.  But with the three divine persons it is not so.  Each is
    entirely 'open' to the others, totally transparent and receptive.  This
    transparency and receptivity is summed up in the Greek notion of perichoresis,
    which Gibbon once called 'the deepest and darkest corner of the whole
    theological abyss.'  Rendered in Latin as circumincessio and in English usually
    as 'coinherence,' the Greek term means literally, cyclical movement, and so
    reciprocity, interchange, mutual indwelling.  The prefix peri bears the
    sense 'around,' while choresis is linked with chora, 'room,' space,' 'place' or
    'container,' and with chorein, to 'go,' 'advance,' 'make room for' or 'contain.'  Some also see a connection with choros, 'dance,' and so they take perichoresis
    to mean 'round dance.'  Applied to Christ, the term signifies that his two
    natures, the divine and the human, interpenetrate one another without separation
    and without confusion.  Applied to the Trinity, it signifies that each person
    'contains' the other two and 'moves' within them.  In the words of St Gregory of
    Nyssa, 'All that is the Father's is seen in the Son, and all that is the Son's
    belongs also the Father. For the whole Son abides in the Father, and he has in
    his turn the whole Father abiding in himself.' 


    By virtue of this perichoresis, Father, Son and Holy Spirit 'coinhere' in one
    another, each dwelling in the other two through an unceasing movement of mutual
    love - the 'round dance' of the Trinity."

    -- Timothy Ware, Bishop Kallistos of Diokleia,
        The Human Person as an Icon of the Trinity

  • Fugues


    "To improvise an eight-part fugue
    is really beyond human capability."

    -- Douglas R. Hofstadter,
    Gödel, Escher, Bach

    The image “http://www.log24.com/theory/images/cube2x2x2.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.


    Order of a projective

     automorphism group:

    168

    "There are possibilities of

    contrapuntal arrangement

    of subject-matter."

    -- T. S. Eliot, quoted in
    Origins of Form in Four Quartets.

    The image “http://www.log24.com/theory/images/Grid4x4A.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.


    Order of a projective

     automorphism group:

    20,160

  • Involved

    Trinity symbol
    (See Sequel.)

    The image “http://www.log24.com/theory/images/KleinDualInsideOut200.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    Trinity symbol

    by Greg Egan

    (via John Baez)

    Involved:

    "Difficult to understand because of intricacy: byzantine, complex, complicated, convoluted, daedal, Daedalian, elaborate, intricate, involute, knotty, labyrinthine, tangled."

    -- Roget's II: The New Thesaurus, Third Edition

    See also the previous three entries,
    as well as Symmetries.

  • Apocalypse Wow
    continued

    From the West Wing time slot:




    "It's ... extremely weird how the previously-on-Revelations announcer doesn't seem to be able to draw the distinction between what's happening in the real world where Revelations is just a cheesy miniseries that's keeping people from watching Alias
    and what's happening in the fake world of the miniseries itself, where
    they keep promising the apocalypse and it keeps not happening. After
    the wrap-up of all the nothing that's come before, the announcer intones ominously, 'And now, as the end of the world draws near, Revelations continues.' Well, no. Here, where Revelations is continuing, the end of the world is not drawing near. Or is NBC genuinely aiming for the crowd who thinks The Rapture Index is a valuable and educational resource?

    Does someone involved here have an actual sense of humor?"

    -- The Flick Filosopher

  • Crystalline

    "In Francis Ford
    Coppola's film
    , Col. Kurtz tells how after his medics
    inoculated a small village, the Reds chopped off
    every child's left arm. 'My God, the genius of
    that. The genius,' Kurtz said. 'The will to
    do that. Perfect, genuine, complete, crystalline,
    pure! And then I realized they were stronger than me
    because they could stand it.'"

    -- Col. David Hackworth
        on Tuesday, April 9, 2002.
        Col. Hackworth died at 74
        on Wednesday, May 4, 2005.

       Related Log24 entries:

       The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/050506-GrCross.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix04B/041016-ApocalypseNow2.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.
    Click on pictures for details.

  • The Fano Plane
    Revisualized:

    The Eightfold Cube

    or, The Eightfold Cube

    Here is the usual model of the seven points and seven lines (including the circle) of the smallest finite projective plane (the Fano plane):

    The image “http://www.log24.com/theory/images/Fano.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    Every permutation of the plane's points that preserves collinearity is a symmetry of the  plane.  The group of symmetries of the Fano plane is of order 168 and is isomorphic to the group  PSL(2,7) = PSL(3,2) = GL(3,2). (See Cameron on linear groups (pdf).)

    The above model indicates with great clarity six symmetries
    of the plane-- those it shares with the equilateral triangle.  It
    does not, however, indicate where the other 162 symmetries come from.
     

    Shown below is a new model of this same projective plane, using partitions of cubes to represent points:

    Fano plane with cubes as points

    The cubes' partitioning planes are added in binary (1+1=0) fashion.  Three partitioned cubes are collinear if and only if their partitioning planes' binary sum equals zero.

    The second model is useful because it lets us generate naturally
    all 168 symmetries of the Fano plane by splitting a cube into a set of
    four parallel 1x1x2 slices in the three ways possible, then arbitrarily
    permuting the slices in each of the three sets of four. See examples
    below.

    Fano plane group - generating permutations

    For a proof that such permutations generate the 168 symmetries, see Binary Coordinate Systems.

    (Note that this procedure, if regarded as acting on the set of
    eight individual subcubes of
    each cube in the diagram, actually generates a group of 168*8 = 1,344
    permutations.  But the group's action on the diagram's seven
    partitions of the subcubes yields only 168 distinct results.  This
    illustrates the difference between affine and projective spaces over
    the binary field GF(2).  In a related 2x2x2 cubic model of the affine 3-space over GF(2) whose "points" are individual subcubes, the group of eight translations is generated by interchanges of
    parallel 2x2x1 cube-slices.  This is clearly a subgroup of the
    group generated by permuting 1x1x2 cube-slices.  Such translations
    in the affine 3-space have no effect on the projective plane, since they leave each of the plane model's seven partitions-- the "points" of the plane-- invariant.)

    To view the cubes model in a wider context, see Galois Geometry, Block Designs, and Finite-Geometry Models.

    For another application of the points-as-partitions technique, see
    Latin-Square
    Geometry: Orthogonal Latin Squares as Skew Lines
    .

    For more on the plane's symmetry group in another guise, see John Baez on Klein's Quartic Curve and the online book The Eightfold Way.  For more on the mathematics of cubic models, see Solomon's Cube.

    For a large downloadable folder with many other related web pages, see Notes on Finite Geometry.

  • The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/050503-Poets.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

  • A Dance Results

    "Professor Krauss even uses many of the same decorations with which
    she festooned earlier volumes. Bataille’s photograph of a big toe,
    for example, which I like to think of as her mascot, reappears. As
    does her favorite doodle, a little graph known as a 'Klein Group' or
    'L Schema' whose sides and diagonals sport arrows pointing to corners
    labeled with various opposing pairs: e.g., 'ground' and 'not ground,'
    'figure' and 'not figure.' Professor Krauss seems to believe that
    this device, lifted from the pages of structuralist theory,
    illuminates any number of deep mysteries: the nature of modernism, to
    begin with, but also the essence of gender relations,
    self-consciousness, perception, vision, castration anxiety, and other
    pressing conundrums that, as it happens, she
    has trouble distinguishing from the nature
    of modernism. Altogether,
    the doodle is a handy thing to have around. One is not surprised that Professor
    Krauss reproduces it many times in her new book."

    From Drid Williams,

    The Semiotics of Human Action,
    Ritual, and Dance:

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/050502-Klein.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    This is closely related to
    Beckett's "Quad" figure

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/050501-Quad.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.



    A Jungian on this six-line figure:

    "They are the same six lines
    that
    exist in the I Ching....

    Now observe the square more closely
    :
    four
    of the lines are of equal length,
    the other two are longer....
    For
    this reason symmetry
    cannot be statically produced
    and a dance
    results
    ."
     
    -- Marie-Louise von Franz,

    Number and Time
    (1970)

    and to the Greimas "semiotic square":

    "People have believed in the fundamental character of binary oppositions since at least
    classical times. For instance, in his Metaphysics Aristotle advanced as primary
    oppositions: form/matter, natural/unnatural, active/passive,
    whole/part, unity/variety, before/after and being/not-being.* 
    But it is not in isolation that the rhetorical power of such oppositions resides, but
    in their articulation in relation to other oppositions.
    In Aristotle's Physics the four elements of earth, air, fire and
    water were said to be opposed in pairs.
    For more than two thousand years oppositional patterns based on these four
    elements were widely accepted as the fundamental structure underlying surface reality....




    The structuralist semiotician Algirdas Greimas introduced the semiotic square
    (which he adapted from the 'logical square' of scholastic philosophy)
    as a means of analysing paired concepts more fully...."


    -- Daniel Chandler, Semiotics for Beginners.

    * Compare Chandler's list of Aristotle's primary oppositions with Aristotle's list (also in the  Metaphysics) of Pythagorean oppositions (see Midrash Jazz Quartet).

  • Logos

    Harvard's Barry Mazur on
    one mathematical style:

    "It’s the barest, most Beckett-like vocabulary
    that incorporates the theory and nothing else."

    Samuel Beckett, Quad (1981):

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/050501-Quad.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    A Jungian on this six-line logo:

    "They are the same six lines
    that
    exist in the I Ching....

    Now observe the square more closely
    :
    four
    of the lines are of equal length,
    the other two are longer....
    For
    this reason symmetry
    cannot be statically produced
    and a dance
    results
    ."
     
    -- Marie-Louise von Franz,
    Number and Time (1970),
    Northwestern U. Press
    paperback, 1979, p. 108

    A related logo from

    Columbia University's

    Department of Art History
    and Archaeology
    :

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/050501-ArtHist2.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.
     
    Also from that department:

    Rosalind Krauss,

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/050501-Krauss.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    Meyer Schapiro Professor
    of Modern Art and Theory:

    "There is no painter in the West
    who can be unaware of
    the symbolic
    power
    of the cruciform shape
    and the Pandora's box
    of spiritual
    reference
    that is opened
    once one uses it."

    "In the garden of Adding
    live Even and Odd..."
    -- The Midrash Jazz Quartet in
    City of God
    , by E. L. Doctorow

    THE GREEK CROSS

    A cross in which all the arms
    are the same length.

    Here, for reference, is a Greek cross
    within a nine-square grid:

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/050501-GrCross.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

     Related religious meditation for
        Doctorow's "Garden of Adding"...

     4 + 5 = 9.

    Types of Greek cross
    illustrated in Wikipedia
    under "cross":

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/GrCross.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.


    From designboom.com
    :

    THE BAPTISMAL CROSS

    The image “http://www.log24.com/log/pix05/050501-BaptismalCross.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    is a cross with eight arms:
    a Greek cross, which is superimposed

    on a Greek 'chi,' the first letter
    of the Greek word for 'Christ.'
    Since the number eight is symbolic
    of rebirth or regeneration,

    this cross is often used
    as a baptismal cross.

    Related material:

    The image “http://www.log24.com/theory/images/Symm-axes.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

    Fritz Leiber's "spider"
    or "double cross" logo.
    See Why Me? and
    A Shot at Redemption.

    Happy Orthodox Easter.